Dianabol Beginner Cycle: What to Expect Week by Week (With PCT)
Complete Dianabol beginner cycle guide with week-by-week results timeline, 30mg dosing protocol, estrogen management, liver support, PCT with Nolvadex, and realistic expectations for Canadian users.
Novo Pharma Research Team
Novo Pharma Research · peer-reviewed literature synthesis
Dianabol Beginner Cycle: What to Expect Week by Week (With PCT)
The Grandfather of Oral Steroids: Your Complete First-Cycle Guide
A Dianabol cycle for beginners remains the most iconic introduction to anabolic steroids for one reason: nothing else delivers this much visible transformation this fast. Within the first 7-10 days, your muscles inflate with glycogen and water, the scale jumps 5-8 lbs, and your strength starts climbing at a rate you've never experienced naturally. By week 3, people notice. By week 6, you look like a different person.
Methandrostenolone — Dianabol, Dbol — was synthesized by Dr. John Ziegler in 1955 specifically to give American Olympic athletes parity with Soviet competitors who were using injectable testosterone. It became the first widely-used oral anabolic steroid and remains the most popular mass-building oral compound over 70 years later. The reason is simple: dramatic results, oral convenience, and a predictable (if aggressive) side effect profile that's manageable with proper preparation.
For Canadian men considering their first mass-building cycle in 2026, Dianabol offers explosive size and strength gains that no other oral matches at equivalent doses. But it also demands respect — estrogen management, liver protection, blood pressure monitoring, and proper PCT are non-negotiable components of a responsible Dbol cycle.
[Internal Link: /dianabol-methandrostenolone/]
How Dianabol Builds Mass: The Mechanism
Primary Anabolic Pathways
Dianabol promotes muscle growth through:
- Potent androgen receptor activation — direct stimulation of muscle protein synthesis
- Dramatic nitrogen retention — pushing the body into a sustained anabolic state
- Glycogenesis enhancement — increased glycogen storage in muscle tissue (the "pump" and fullness)
- Aromatization to estrogen — estrogen itself is anabolic and contributes to strength/size
- SHBG suppression — dramatically increases free testosterone availability
- Cortisol antagonism — reduces catabolic hormone activity during recovery
Why the Gains Come So Fast
Dianabol's rapid onset is driven by two factors:
Short half-life (3-5 hours): Reaches peak plasma concentration quickly after oral dosing. Effects are noticeable within the first few days of use.
Estrogenic activity: Unlike non-aromatizing compounds, Dianabol converts to methylestradiol (a potent estrogen). This causes:
- Rapid water and glycogen retention in muscle tissue
- Increased synovial fluid in joints (joint protection)
- Enhanced collagen synthesis
- Additional anabolic signaling through estrogen receptors
The estrogenic component is a double-edged sword — it contributes significantly to the rapid mass gain but also causes the bloating, water retention, and gynecomastia risk that define Dbol's side effect profile.
The "Wet vs. Dry" Distinction
Dianabol is the quintessential "wet" compound:
- Weight gain includes significant water and glycogen (not just muscle fiber)
- Muscles look full, round, and pumped — but also "soft" compared to dry compounds
- Post-cycle, water weight drops — revealing the actual muscle tissue gained underneath
- This is NOT a negative — the water/glycogen environment is highly anabolic during the cycle
The Beginner Dianabol Protocol: 30mg/Day for 6 Weeks
Why 30mg Is the Optimal Starting Dose
Clinical literature and decades of community experience converge on 30mg/day as the beginner sweet spot:
- Below 20mg: Most men report underwhelming results (too mild for the side effects incurred)
- 30mg: Robust anabolic effect with manageable side effects; the floor for meaningful gains
- 40-50mg: Experienced-user territory; significantly more estrogenic and hepatotoxic
- Above 50mg: Diminishing returns with exponentially increasing side effects
At 30mg/day, you're getting approximately 80% of the mass-building effect of 50mg with roughly 50% of the side effect burden. For a first cycle, this trade-off is optimal.
Dosing Schedule
Given Dianabol's 3-5 hour half-life, split dosing maintains more stable blood levels:
| Time | Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 8:00 AM | 10 mg | With breakfast |
| 2:00 PM | 10 mg | With lunch or pre-workout |
| 8:00 PM | 10 mg | With dinner |
Alternative (simpler):
| Time | Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 8:00 AM | 15 mg | With breakfast |
| 4:00 PM | 15 mg | Pre-workout / with meal |
Some users take the full 30mg pre-workout for maximum acute effect on training performance. This creates a larger peak but also larger trough — acceptable for beginners who want simplicity.
Cycle Duration: Why 6 Weeks Maximum
- Hepatotoxicity: Liver enzyme elevation is cumulative; 6 weeks limits exposure
- Diminishing returns: Androgen receptor saturation reduces efficacy beyond 6 weeks
- Lipid damage: HDL suppression worsens with duration
- HPTA recovery: Shorter cycles recover faster
- Cost-benefit: Weeks 7-8 add marginal gains with compounding risk
Week-by-Week Breakdown: What Actually Happens
Week 1: The Loading Phase
What's happening internally:
- Plasma levels reach steady state by day 3-4
- Nitrogen retention shifts positive immediately
- Glycogen and water begin accumulating in muscle tissue
- Estrogen begins elevating as aromatization occurs
What you notice:
- Scale: +3-5 lbs by end of week 1 (mostly water and glycogen)
- Pumps: Muscles feel dramatically fuller during training
- Strength: Subtle increases; working weights feel slightly easier
- Mood: Elevation in confidence, motivation, well-being (androgen effect)
- Side effects: Possible mild bloating, increased appetite, slight back pumps
What others notice: Nothing yet. The changes are internal and subcutaneous.
Week 2: The Transition
What's happening internally:
- Protein synthesis is now significantly elevated
- Satellite cell activation increasing (myonuclei donation)
- Intramuscular water creating an increasingly anabolic environment
- Estrogen levels potentially reaching levels requiring management
What you notice:
- Scale: +5-8 lbs cumulative from baseline
- Strength: Clear, undeniable increases. Adding 5-10 lbs to major lifts per session
- Appearance: Muscles visibly larger; shirts fit tighter around chest/arms
- Pumps: Potentially painful; lower back pumps during deadlifts/rows
- Appetite: Significantly increased (capitalize on this — eat)
- Side effects: Water retention visible (face puffiness, ankle edema possible), possible nipple sensitivity
What others notice: "Have you been training harder?" — subtle but detectable size increase.
Week 3: The Inflection Point
What's happening internally:
- Full anabolic saturation achieved
- Actual contractile muscle fiber growth accelerating
- SHBG crushed — free testosterone dramatically elevated
- Aromatization potentially high — estrogen management becomes critical
What you notice:
- Scale: +8-12 lbs cumulative
- Strength: Dramatic. Lifetime PRs on most compound movements
- Appearance: Unmistakable size increase. Veins more visible despite water retention
- Training: Can handle significantly more volume and intensity
- Side effects: Estrogen-related effects may peak (gyno watch, bloating, mood swings if unmanaged)
- Blood pressure: Possibly elevated (monitor)
What others notice: "Are you on something?" — the transformation becomes obvious to regular contacts.
Week 4: Peak Mass Accumulation
What's happening internally:
- Maximum anabolic environment
- Muscle fiber hypertrophy in full effect
- Liver enzymes likely elevated (2-4x normal range)
- Blood pressure adaptation (or elevation requiring attention)
What you notice:
- Scale: +10-15 lbs cumulative (wide individual variation)
- Strength: Peak territory. Weights that intimidated you now move easily
- Appearance: Full, round, muscular — the "Dianabol look" (big but smooth)
- Recovery: Between-session recovery is remarkable; minimal DOMS
- Side effects: Acne may appear (back, shoulders); water retention stabilized if estrogen managed
- Energy: High but may begin to notice liver-related fatigue toward end of week
What others notice: Everyone notices. Dramatic transformation from baseline.
Week 5: The Maturation Phase
What's happening internally:
- Continued contractile tissue growth
- Some androgen receptor downregulation beginning
- Liver under sustained stress (elevated enzymes)
- HPTA significantly suppressed
What you notice:
- Scale: +12-18 lbs cumulative (some stabilization in rate of gain)
- Strength: Still climbing but rate slows slightly
- Appearance: Maximum fullness; the "peak Dbol" look
- Side effects: Potential for fatigue, mild lethargy (liver), blood pressure potentially concerning
- Mindset: Temptation to extend the cycle — resist this
- Appetite: May actually decrease as liver stress increases (listen to this signal)
Week 6: The Final Push
What's happening internally:
- Diminishing anabolic returns from receptor saturation
- Liver enzymes at their cycle peak
- HPTA deeply suppressed
- Body composition shift from pure gain to more water accumulation
What you notice:
- Scale: +14-20 lbs cumulative total from day 1
- Strength: Maintained at peak or slightly increasing
- Appearance: Maximum size achieved; any additional weight is likely more water than tissue
- Decision: This is where you stop. The compound has done its job.
- Looking forward: Mental preparation for PCT and the post-cycle drop
Total 6-week transformation at 30mg/day:
- Scale weight: +14-20 lbs (average 16 lbs)
- Actual lean tissue: +6-10 lbs (estimated)
- Water/glycogen: +8-12 lbs (will partially shed post-cycle)
- Strength: +25-40% on compound movements
Post-Cycle: What You Keep vs. What You Lose
The Water Drop (Weeks 1-2 Post-Cycle)
Within 5-10 days of your last Dianabol dose:
- 5-10 lbs of water weight sheds rapidly
- "Fullness" decreases — muscles look flatter
- Vascularity may actually increase as subcutaneous water drops
- Scale weight crash can be psychologically challenging
- This is normal and expected. You did not lose muscle.
The Muscle Retention Equation
With proper PCT and continued training:
| Factor | Impact on Retention |
|---|---|
| Proper PCT (Nolvadex) | Critical — preserves 70-85% of gains |
| No PCT | Significant loss — retain only 40-50% |
| Continued heavy training | Essential — signals muscle maintenance |
| Adequate calories | Must eat at maintenance minimum |
| Sleep (7-9 hours) | Recovery-dependent during HPTA restart |
Realistic Post-Cycle Numbers
Starting from a +16 lb gain on cycle:
- Immediately post-cycle: -5-8 lbs water (net +8-11 lbs)
- After PCT (4-6 weeks): additional -2-3 lbs as glycogen normalizes
- Net keepable gain: +6-10 lbs of lean tissue with proper protocol
- Strength retention: 60-75% of on-cycle gains
This means a Dianabol beginner cycle, done correctly, produces 6-10 lbs of actual contractile muscle tissue in 6 weeks — plus the strength gains and training adaptations that support continued growth naturally afterward.
The Test Base Debate: Dbol Only vs. Dbol + Testosterone
Why "Dbol Only" Is Controversial
Dianabol suppresses natural testosterone production to near-zero levels by week 3-4. Running Dbol alone means:
- Weeks 3-6 you're in a low-testosterone state (Dbol provides some androgenic support but it's not the same)
- Libido may crash despite the anabolic environment
- Post-cycle recovery takes longer from complete shutdown
- Estrogen management is more complex without a stable testosterone backdrop
The Recommended Approach: Add a Test Base
| Compound | Dose | Duration | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Testosterone Enanthate | 300-500 mg/week | 12 weeks | Anabolic base + libido support |
| Dianabol | 30 mg/day | Weeks 1-6 | Kickstart + mass accelerant |
| Nolvadex PCT | 20 mg/day | 4 weeks (starting 2 weeks after last test injection) | HPTA recovery |
This is the "proper" first mass-building cycle structure. Dianabol kickstarts gains while testosterone builds in your system (testosterone enanthate takes 3-4 weeks to reach peak levels). By week 6 when you drop Dbol, testosterone is fully active and carries you through weeks 7-12.
If You Insist on Dbol Only
It works. Millions have done it. But understand:
- Recovery is harder
- Mid-cycle low-T symptoms are likely
- You may retain less of your gains
- PCT becomes more critical (not optional)
For absolute simplicity-seekers: a 6-week Dbol-only cycle followed by proper PCT is the minimum viable mass-building cycle. Just know you're leaving results on the table.
[Internal Link: /testosterone-enanthate/]
Estrogen Management: AI Protocol
Why Estrogen Control Is Critical on Dianabol
Dianabol aromatizes aggressively to methylestradiol — a potent estrogen. Uncontrolled estrogen causes:
- Gynecomastia (breast tissue growth under nipples)
- Excessive water retention (bloating, high blood pressure)
- Mood instability (emotional volatility, irritability)
- Fat deposition in female patterns
The On-Hand vs. Preventive Approach
Option A: AI On-Hand (Recommended for Beginners) Keep Arimidex (anastrozole) available but only use if symptoms appear:
- Nipple sensitivity/puffiness → 0.5mg Arimidex → reassess in 48 hours
- Excessive water retention → 0.5mg Arimidex every other day until resolved
- Mood issues consistent with high estrogen → 0.25-0.5mg and reassess
Option B: Preventive Low-Dose AI Start low-dose AI from day 1:
- Arimidex 0.25mg every other day throughout the cycle
- Prevents estrogen from ever reaching problematic levels
- Risk: crashing estrogen too low (joint pain, low libido, fatigue)
AI Dosage Table
| AI | Preventive Dose | Reactive Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arimidex | 0.25 mg EOD | 0.5 mg → reassess 48h | Most common choice |
| Aromasin | 12.5 mg EOD | 25 mg → reassess 48h | Suicidal inhibitor (won't rebound) |
Warning: Do NOT crash your estrogen. Low estrogen is as bad as high estrogen — joint pain, zero libido, depression, and poor gains (estrogen is anabolic). Use the minimum effective dose.
[Internal Link: /arimidex-anastrozole/]
Liver Support: Non-Negotiable Protocol
Why Dianabol Stresses the Liver
Dianabol is C-17 alpha-alkylated — a structural modification that allows oral bioavailability but forces the liver to process a methylated compound it cannot efficiently break down. This causes:
- Elevated AST and ALT (liver inflammation markers)
- Cholestasis risk (bile flow impairment) at high doses
- Peliosis hepatis risk with prolonged use (rare at 6-week cycles)
The Liver Support Stack
| Supplement | Dose | Timing | Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) | 1000 mg/day | Split: 500mg AM / 500mg PM | Glutathione precursor; gold standard hepatoprotection |
| TUDCA | 500 mg/day | With largest meal | Bile acid support; protects against cholestasis |
| Milk Thistle (Silymarin) | 600 mg/day | Split through day | Antioxidant; traditional but weaker than NAC/TUDCA |
| Vitamin C | 1000 mg/day | Any time | General antioxidant |
| Adequate water | 3-4L/day | Throughout | Liver filtration support |
What to Avoid on Cycle
- Alcohol: Absolutely zero. Both are hepatotoxic — combining is dangerous
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol): Hepatotoxic; use ibuprofen if pain relief needed
- Recreational drugs: Additional liver burden
- Other oral steroids: Never stack two C-17aa orals simultaneously
- High-fat/processed foods: Increase liver workload
Blood Pressure Management
Why Dbol Raises Blood Pressure
Three mechanisms combine:
- Water retention increases blood volume
- Increased red blood cell production (erythrocytosis)
- Possible activation of the RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system)
Monitoring Protocol
- Check blood pressure 2-3x per week minimum
- Use an automatic arm cuff (pharmacies, Amazon)
- Normal: <130/85
- Elevated: 130-140/85-90 (manageable with lifestyle)
- High: >140/90 (requires intervention or dose reduction)
Management Strategies
| Intervention | Effect | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Reduce sodium to <2500mg/day | Moderate BP reduction | Counter-intuitive on a mass diet but important |
| Cardio 3-4x/week (20-30 min LISS) | Significant | The #1 non-pharmacological intervention |
| Potassium-rich foods | Mild-moderate | Counterbalances sodium |
| Celery seed extract | Mild | Natural diuretic; some evidence for BP |
| Reduce Dbol dose | Direct | If BP >140/90, consider dropping to 20mg |
| Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg (Rx) | Significant | Last resort; physician consultation |
PCT Protocol: Recovering Your HPTA
Timing Is Critical
If Dbol-only cycle: Start PCT 24-48 hours after your last Dianabol dose (Dbol clears rapidly due to short half-life)
If Dbol + Testosterone Enanthate: Start PCT 14-18 days after your last testosterone injection (enanthate takes 2+ weeks to clear)
The Protocol
| Drug | Week 1-2 | Week 3-4 | Total Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nolvadex (Tamoxifen) | 40 mg/day | 20 mg/day | 4 weeks |
Alternative (Nolvadex + Clomid)
For users who were deeply suppressed (Dbol + long testosterone cycle):
| Drug | Week 1-2 | Week 3-4 | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nolvadex | 40 mg/day | 20 mg/day | SERM — blocks estrogen at breast/hypothalamus |
| Clomid | 50 mg/day | 25 mg/day | Stimulates LH/FSH production at pituitary |
PCT Week-by-Week
| Week | What's Happening | How You Feel |
|---|---|---|
| PCT Week 1 | LH/FSH beginning to rise; testosterone production restarting | Low energy, flat mood, low libido, weaker in gym |
| PCT Week 2 | Testosterone rising toward baseline; estrogen stabilizing | Gradual improvement in mood and energy |
| PCT Week 3 | Testosterone approaching normal; HPTA almost recovered | Near-normal libido; training motivation returning |
| PCT Week 4 | Full recovery for most users (confirm via bloodwork) | Baseline feeling restored |
The Psychological Challenge of PCT
This is where many beginners struggle:
- Muscles deflate (water loss)
- Strength drops
- Energy crashes
- Libido disappears temporarily
- The mirror shows a smaller version of your peak
This is temporary. The muscle tissue you built is still there — it's just less glycogen-full and water-logged. Once your hormones recover, you'll stabilize at a significantly better physique than your pre-cycle starting point.
[Internal Link: /nolvadex-tamoxifen/] [Internal Link: /clomid-clomiphene/] [Internal Link: /post-cycle-therapy/]
Dianabol vs. Other Beginner Options
Dbol vs. Anavar (For Beginners)
| Parameter | Dianabol 30mg | Anavar 40mg |
|---|---|---|
| Weight gain | +14-20 lbs | +5-10 lbs |
| Keepable mass | +6-10 lbs | +5-8 lbs |
| Strength gain | Very high | High |
| Water retention | High | None |
| Estrogen issues | Yes (AI needed) | No |
| Liver stress | Moderate | Mild |
| Hair loss risk | Low | Moderate |
| Cost | $40-80/cycle | $150-300/cycle |
| Best for | Maximum mass | Lean recomp |
Dbol vs. Testosterone Only (For Beginners)
| Parameter | Dianabol 30mg/6wk | Testosterone 500mg/12wk |
|---|---|---|
| Administration | Oral (convenient) | Injectable (weekly) |
| Results onset | Days | 3-4 weeks |
| Total mass gain | +14-20 lbs (6 wks) | +15-25 lbs (12 wks) |
| Keepable mass | +6-10 lbs | +10-15 lbs |
| Liver stress | Yes | No |
| Cycle duration | 6 weeks | 12 weeks |
| Recovery time | Shorter | Longer |
| Estrogen management | Critical | Important |
| Overall risk profile | Moderate (short) | Moderate (long) |
[Internal Link: /anavar-oxandrolone/] [Internal Link: /testosterone-enanthate/]
Bloodwork Protocol
Pre-Cycle (1-2 Weeks Before)
| Panel | Why |
|---|---|
| Complete lipid panel | Baseline for HDL/LDL monitoring |
| Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT, bilirubin) | Confirm healthy liver before stressing it |
| Total & free testosterone | Establish natural baseline |
| LH, FSH | Confirm functioning HPTA |
| Estradiol (E2) | Baseline estrogen for AI dosing reference |
| Complete blood count | Hematocrit baseline |
| Blood pressure | Baseline for monitoring during cycle |
Mid-Cycle (Week 3-4)
| Panel | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Liver enzymes | Confirm no hepatic crisis |
| Estradiol | Guide AI dosing |
| Blood pressure | Assess cardiovascular stress |
Post-PCT (4 Weeks After PCT Ends)
| Panel | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Total & free testosterone | Confirm recovery to baseline |
| LH, FSH | Confirm HPTA restored |
| Lipid panel | Confirm recovery |
| Liver enzymes | Should be normalized |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How much of the weight gain is "real" muscle?
Of a typical 15-18 lb total gain on a 6-week Dbol cycle at 30mg/day, approximately 40-60% is actual muscle tissue (6-10 lbs), with the remainder being water, glycogen, and intramuscular fluid. Post-cycle, when water drops, you're left with the muscle — which is why a 15 lb gain on-cycle often translates to a net 7-9 lb improvement 6 weeks after PCT. This is still exceptional for 6 weeks of use.
Q: Do I need an AI from day 1 or should I wait for symptoms?
For beginners: have your AI on hand from day 1 but wait for symptoms before using it. Most men at 30mg/day can tolerate weeks 1-2 without AI. Watch for: nipple sensitivity, excessive puffiness, mood swings, or bloating beyond expected water retention. If these appear, start 0.25-0.5mg Arimidex every other day. Crashing estrogen is as bad as letting it run wild — so don't preemptively dose aggressively.
Q: Can I take Dianabol without a test base for my first cycle?
You can. Many do. But you should understand the trade-offs: by week 3-4, your natural testosterone will be heavily suppressed while Dbol provides the only androgen in your system. When you stop Dbol, you have ZERO androgens until PCT restores natural production (days to weeks). This "crash" window is where most gains are lost. A test base eliminates this vulnerability. If simplicity is your priority, Dbol-only for 6 weeks followed by immediate PCT is viable — just not optimal.
Q: What if I get gyno symptoms (puffy/sensitive nipples)?
First: don't panic. Sensitivity or puffiness is NOT the same as developed gynecomastia. Protocol: immediately take 0.5mg Arimidex. Wait 48 hours. If improved, continue 0.5mg every other day. If not improved, add Nolvadex 20mg/day (blocks estrogen at the breast receptor directly). True gynecomastia (hard lump under nipple) takes weeks to develop — catching it at the sensitivity stage with prompt AI/SERM intervention prevents progression in virtually all cases.
Q: Is it worth the side effects compared to just training naturally?
Honest answer: a 6-week Dianabol cycle at 30mg with proper support produces roughly equivalent muscle gain to 6-12 months of optimized natural training in an intermediate lifter. Whether that trade-off (compressed timeline + health risks vs. patience + zero risks) is "worth it" is entirely personal. The gains ARE real and largely keepable with proper PCT. But so are the side effects. This is a cost-benefit analysis only you can make.
Conclusion: The Dianabol Decision Framework
A Dianabol beginner cycle is not subtle. It's not a gentle introduction. It's 6 weeks of dramatic, visible, undeniable transformation — both the gains and the side effects will be obvious to you and everyone around you. The compound rewards preparation: have your AI on hand, liver support running from day 1, blood pressure monitor available, PCT ready before you take your first dose, and bloodwork scheduled.
The protocol is simple: 30mg/day split into 2-3 doses, for exactly 6 weeks, with Nolvadex PCT starting immediately after. Add liver support (NAC 1g + TUDCA 500mg daily), monitor estrogen symptoms, keep blood pressure in check, train hard, eat aggressively, and sleep adequately.
What you'll get: 6-10 lbs of keepable lean muscle tissue, a dramatic strength base that carries forward, and the experience of knowing exactly how your body responds to anabolic stimulation. What you'll risk: temporary liver stress, lipid disruption, blood pressure elevation, and the hormonal rollercoaster of PCT recovery.
For Canadian men who've made the informed decision to use anabolic steroids, Dianabol remains the fastest route to visible mass. Just do it right.
Explore our Dianabol and complete cycle support compounds.
[Internal Link: /dianabol-methandrostenolone/] [Internal Link: /nolvadex-tamoxifen/] [Internal Link: /post-cycle-therapy/] [Internal Link: /liver-support/]
Disclaimer: This article is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before using any performance-enhancing substance. Anabolic steroids are controlled substances in Canada under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
References:
- Ziegler, J.B. (1961). Anabolic steroids: The gremlins of sport. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 1, 126-132.
- Friedl, K.E., et al. (1991). Comparison of the effects of high dose testosterone and 19-nortestosterone to a replacement dose of testosterone on strength and body composition in normal men. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 40(4-6), 607-612.
- Hartgens, F., & Kuipers, H. (2004). Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids in athletes. Sports Medicine, 34(8), 513-554.
- Llewellyn, W. (2011). Anabolics (10th ed.). Molecular Nutrition.
- Kicman, A.T. (2008). Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. British Journal of Pharmacology, 154(3), 502-521.
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